Sleep & your mental health
When sleep feels difficult, it can be hard to know where to start. Explore the part that is troubling you, what a sleep assessment can involve and how to describe your experience.

Which part of sleep feels difficult?
Difficulty getting to sleep, feeling unrested and falling asleep during the day can overlap, but they are not interchangeable. Describing your own pattern is more useful than choosing a diagnosis before an appointment.
Stress, mood, health conditions, medicines, your environment and working hours can all belong in the conversation. Sleep difficulties deserve attention in their own right; being interested in this page does not mean your sleep problem has a mental-health cause.
Based on NHS · NHLBI · NIH · NHS
Your starting point can be a question.
- Difficulty sleeping
Falling asleep, waking or returning to sleep
- Sleep quality
How sleep feels and affects your days
- Daytime sleepiness
Dozing or struggling to remain awake
- Your context
Health, medicines, routines and circumstances
Start with the part of sleep that feels difficult.
Difficulty falling asleep, a sleep schedule that conflicts with your day, unplanned dozing and breathing changes are different concerns. They can overlap, but they do not all lead to the same assessment or advice.
This hub helps you choose what to read next. You do not have to decide which disorder you have. A professional can consider sleep, health, medicines and daytime functioning together.
Getting or staying asleep
The insomnia page explains difficulty sleeping and daytime impact.
Timing
The circadian page considers sleep timing and daily demands.
Daytime sleepiness
The hypersomnolence page explains dozing and safety concerns.
Breathing / sleep events
The apnea and parasomnia pages describe medical-assessment questions.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS · NHS · NHS

Explore the experience you want to understand.
These pages explain different patterns. Choosing one does not suggest a diagnosis.
A few sleep notes, if they help you.
A clinician may suggest recording sleep and daytime experiences. These optional notes help you prepare a conversation; they do not assess or treat a sleep condition. Estimates are enough, and you can skip any field.
Private to this open page.
Notes stay in this page’s memory. They are not sent to Selfmora or saved in browser storage. Refreshing, closing or leaving clears them. Copy or download before leaving if you want to keep them.
There is no automatic saving, score, monitoring or interpretation. A copied note or downloaded file remains outside this page; remove it separately if needed.
Write optional private sleep notes
See a fictional example first
This example is made up. The times are not a target, diagnosis or recommendation.
- Tried to sleep
- 23:30
- Got up
- 07:15
- Night and day
- Awake for a while overnight. Felt tired at work; did not doze off.
Time in bed and time asleep are different. No duration, efficiency or sleep-quality grade is calculated.
Based on NHLBI · NIH · University of Pittsburgh
Give the concern your own words.
Notice the part that affects you and what it gets in the way of. These examples help you describe an experience; they do not identify its cause.
Getting to sleep
Having enough opportunity to sleep, but struggling to fall or stay asleep.
Your schedule
Sleeping at times that are hard to fit around work, care or everyday life.
Feeling unrested
Waking without feeling refreshed, or finding concentration harder.
Daytime dozing
Dozing off unintentionally in the daytime, including after a long night.
Based on NHS · NHLBI · NIH · NHS
The daytime effect belongs in the conversation.
In a fictional example, Jules is unsure how much sleep they get but notices that concentration at work and alertness on the journey home have changed. That description matters even without a precise sleep total.
Sleep quality, timing and daytime functioning are related questions, rather than one universal performance score. You can describe what has become harder and which change concerns you most. Do not drive or operate machinery when sleepy.
Fictional examples to explain an experience. They are not a checklist or a diagnosis.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS · NHS
Your sleep is more than one number.
A clinician can ask about nights, daytime effects, health, medicines and your usual schedule. They may suggest notes or further assessment when another sleep disorder is possible.
ISI focuses on insomnia severity, PSQI on broader sleep quality and ESS on usual dozing propensity. They do not share one universal sleep score. Persistent difficulties still deserve a conversation even if a questionnaire result looks low.
Based on NHLBI · NIH · NHS · University of Pittsburgh · Morin and colleagues · Sleep · Official Epworth Sleepiness Scale website
- 1The night
What happens when you try to sleep?
- 2The day
How does it affect waking life or safety?
- 3The context
What health, medicine or schedule details matter?
Your circumstances help explain the question.
Tell a professional about relevant health changes, medicines or substances, and demands such as shifts or caregiving. Mention breathing concerns or sleep events rather than assuming that worry explains everything.
Optional notes may help you communicate, but a diary cannot establish or exclude a sleep disorder. The notes on this site stay in memory unless you choose to copy or download them; leaving or refreshing the page clears them. You do not need to complete notes before seeking help.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS · NHS
Match the support to the difficulty.
You can choose what feels useful, with room for your circumstances and preferences.
Based on NHS · NHLBI · NIH · NHS
Ask why this approach fits your particular concern.
An insomnia treatment, a timing-focused plan and treatment for sleep-related breathing problems serve different purposes. A professional can explain which assessment and care are appropriate. General sleep habits do not replace medical care for another sleep condition.
Ask how other health concerns and daily responsibilities will be considered. This hub does not provide a universal bedtime, time-in-bed prescription or medicine recommendation.
Clarify
What does the assessment suggest needs attention?
Choose together
What is the purpose of the proposed approach?
Adapt
How will my health and daily circumstances be considered?
Review
How will we discuss progress or new concerns?
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS · NHS
Safety comes before a complete record.
If sleepiness is affecting driving, work equipment or another safety-critical activity, raise it promptly with a healthcare professional and avoid the activity when sleepy. Ask about the rules that apply where you live; a questionnaire score cannot provide clearance.
A practical request might concern transport to an appointment, a work discussion or help explaining a night-time observation. A supporter’s account can be useful when you choose to involve them, but you do not need another person to witness every concern before requesting assessment.
- Insomnia
Understand supported care for difficulty sleeping.
- Sleep timing
Explore timing and daily demands.
- Daytime sleepiness
Understand dozing and safety context.
- Sleep apnea
Read about breathing-related sleep assessment.
A little clarity. A place to start.
Explore a tool, prepare a conversation or find someone to talk to. Choose what feels useful to you.
Prepare for a conversation
A few prompts to help you explain what you have noticed and what you would like help with.
- A simple notes builder
- Copy your notes to keep
- No account needed
You decide how much to write and share.
Find your wordsFind your next kind of support
Explore where to begin with everyday support, professional help or an urgent conversation.
- Ways to ask for help
- Country-specific crisis contacts
- Support at your own pace
If you need urgent help, go straight to support.
Find supportYour first sentence does not need to be perfect.
You can start with what happens, how long it has been happening and what becomes harder. Mention unintended dozing, breathing concerns, medicines or work patterns rather than trying to produce the perfect sleep record.
Based on NHLBI · NIH · NHS
“My sleep has changed, and I would like help understanding the pattern and what to do next.”Make it sound like you
Your questions, with room for nuance.
You can read just the answer you need.
Is a sleep score a diagnosis?
No. Measures ask different questions and cannot replace medical assessment or exclude breathing and other sleep conditions.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS
Do I need exact sleep times before asking for help?
No. You can begin with the concern and its daytime effect. Notes may support a conversation but are not a prerequisite for care.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS
Can all sleep problems be solved with the same habits?
No. Different concerns need different assessment and care. Mention breathing changes, sleep events and daytime dozing as well as difficulty sleeping.
Based on NHLBI / NIH · NHS · NHS · NHS
Where this information comes from.
Use this hub to learn and prepare questions. It does not diagnose you or recommend a personal treatment plan. By Selfmora editorial; sources checked . Updated .
Additional explanations and examples: sources consulted . Examples illustrate ideas; they do not assess your personal health. Your questions
- Insomnia: symptoms and help
- Understanding a sleep assessment and sleep notes
- Insomnia treatment, including CBT-I
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Sleep measures, original forms and permissions
- ISI: original psychometric study
- ISI: exact-version and electronic-use enquiries
- ESS: purpose, limitations and licence requirement
- 2025 chronic insomnia and sleep apnea guidance
- Sleep apnoea